About Mogilev

History

Architecture

Layout was the core of the ancient Mogilev was fortified wooden castle at the confluence of the Dnieper and Dubrovenka. In the XV century. area of the city consisted of 3 parts: a fortified castle, Nagorski tenements (later Old Town) and trade area between them. Approximately 1,526 on-site burial beskurgannogo XIII century. built a new castle. During the XVI century. area suburbs has grown significantly in the north-west of it began to form a new residential development (later New Town), while any settlement of the Dnieper (Zadneprovsky Posad) and Dubrovenka (Zadubrovensky Posad), between the Dnieper and the stream Debra (Pokrovsky Posad). An important role was assigned to the castle, which served as the defensive and administrative (there were meetings of local courts).

In the XVII century. significant changes have occurred in the fortress architecture of Belarus. Instead of wooden towers and Gorodnii constructed earthen ramparts with bastions bulk type western. In places where the walls intersect with the access roads were built gates - of the gate, opening the entrance to the city. Similar changes occurred in the construction of new fortifications of Mogilev. 1630-s formed strong line of defense, a semicircle surrounding the city and formed the so-called 3 defensive zone of the city: the first - the castle wall, the second - Middle shaft, the third - Field or Far, or a circular shaft. Planning structure of Mogilev with three lines of fortifications reminiscent plan structure of Pskov, which is caused by the general principles of Old Russian construction, as well as some resemblance to the natural and geographical factors. In the XVII century. composition of the city center was Market Square (now the Soviet square), which occupied the territory in 1604 more than 2 hectares, which had a shape of an irregular polygon, which are 26 rows of shops and the town hall (not preserved). From the square were 2 main streets: Shklovskaya (now Pervomaiskaya street) and Varicella (now Lenin Street), which formed with the streets - roads to Vilna (northwest), Bykhov (west) and Mstislavl (south) the radial layout system of the city. Among the structures XVII - XVIII in the first half. isolated complex Nicholas Church, Farny church (preserved); church and the Jesuit College and Bernardine, Assumption and the Church of Intercession, Epiphany monastery with fraternal Cathedral (not preserved). The combination of local architectural traditions and elements of the baroque style in some civil and religious buildings indicates the formation of XVII-XVIII centuries. Mogilev School of Architecture.

Since reunification with Russia started to streamline planning and development of Mogilev. In the city unfolded construction of administrative buildings required a regional center. Buildings in the city was carried out with the direct participation of Russian architects (architects N. Lvov, Stasov), which facilitated the penetration of the ideas of Russian classical architecture. In 1778 developed the first development plan of the city, providing for the creation of a geometric grid of streets, to make planning a regular basis. The original topography is divided by deep ravines, Debra, and Strushnya Dubrovenka, altitude, and the central parts of the floodplain of the Dnieper, as well as earthworks (Middle and Field), surrounding the city, prevented the establishment of a regular layout. Project plan in 1778 has retained the historic structure, giving it a more complete composition. The city continued to form a radial-fan system of streets with 2 main roads - Dnieper prospectus (formerly Shklovskaya) and Bolshaya Sadovaya (formerly Windmill), which converged on the Governor's Square (the former Commerce). The area is surrounded by a semicircle of the lower court, the medical board and the archive (and later the District Court, now the Mogilev Regional Museum), the provincial government, the Governor's house, the vice-governor and two advisors (1770 years, things are not preserved). Compositional dominant band was located in the town hall (rebuilt in 1773). Part of the area immediately adjacent to the castle remained unbuilt. At the site of the destroyed castle was built in 1872 the public garden. In the planning of Governor's Square, as in the architecture of the buildings of the ensemble, are incorporated features of the style of classicism. At the end of the XVIII century. on the Dnieper prospect began to form the second main area of the city - the Cathedral. Creation of the ensemble began with Iosifovskogo Cathedral (1780-1798, architect of Lviv, not preserved), erected in memory of the meeting in Mogilev Russian Empress Catherine II and the Austrian Emperor Joseph II. Cathedral - one of the oldest religious buildings in the classical style in Belarus, he has had a significant impact on architecture, design-planning decision and decoration of a number of religious buildings of Belarusian cities. For the cathedral housed one-story wooden Alexander Palace (the so-called house Passekovoy) - residence of Catherine II (1780, not preserved). Later in the area of the wing and construction of 2 buildings ekzertsirgauza (arena, 1815-1831, architect Stasov not preserved). In an ensemble of 2 main areas of change in the architectural appearance of the central part of the city also contributed to the built in XVIII-XIX centuries. religious, residential and administrative buildings: in the Monastery of Our Saviour Saviour Church (founded in 1740, burned in the fire 1748, rebuilt in 1756-1762, architect J. Glaubitz, not preserved); bishop's palace, the building of the seminary (1780-1785, not preserved), the Carmelite church and on the same axis with the Archbishop's palace, stone two-storey houses (save the so-called house Antashkevich, now here is art museum VK Byalynitsky-Birulia). When entering the city on the streets Bykhovskaya, Vilna, Chernigov, Chaussy, Shklovsky in place of wood were built of stone of the gate (not preserved) in the Empire style, the type of triumphal arches. In the first half of XIX century. demolished embankments. In the second half of XIX century. on the outskirts of the city formed suburbs Bykhovskaya, Vilna, Karabanovskoe, Lupolovskoe, Shklovsky, on the right bank of the Dnieper created a three-story mansion with a stone palace (not preserved) and the park "Piepenburg, built Borisoglebskaya church. The architectural decoration of the facades of residential wooden houses used Mogilev thread developed its traditions in the XVII-XVIII centuries. under the influence of the Baroque style.

At the planning structure of Mogilev late XIX - early XX century. significantly influenced by the construction of the St. Petersburg-Odessa railway, accelerate development and growth of the city. By 1913 the population increased to 69 707 people, has expanded the territory of the city.

In planning remained the radial system. Clearly outlines key directions: south-west (Bykhovskaya Highway), west (Vilna Street), south (Novochernigovskaya street), northern (Dniprovskyi prospectus). In the northern part of the city at St. Catherine's Street (passed along the railroad and was a continuation of the Dnieper prospectus) formed station square and a composite center - the building of the railway station. After the construction of the theater building in 1888 formed Theatre Square. New civil and commercial buildings concentrated on the main street of the city - Dnipro avenue, which squares with the Governor, Theater, Cathedral, Privokzalnaya become compositional axis in the planning of the city. This led to the formation of a more developed center, who had extended planning structure. It had not been allocated specific functional areas, community center - a mix of cultural and commercial institutions were located among the residential buildings on the Dnieper prospectus.

A major shortcoming of the planning structure of the city was the lack of backbone in the latitudinal direction that connects the radial streets. Inner-city neighborhoods (between the Dnieper and prospectus Bolshaya Sadovaya street), where they lived a prosperous part of the population, stood and technical equipment (water, telephone, telegraph), and landscaping, and better buildings. Here were built mainly of stone houses and public buildings. The central part in sharp contrast to the outskirts, which are built up randomly and were in poor sanitary condition. In the late XIX - early XX century. wide scale construction of different types of buildings (administrative, educational, etc.), including the building of a state bank, the building of ground-Peasant Bank, building society loan (now the sewing shop sewing factory), the City Council (now the House of Culture Stroitrest â„– 12) Teachers 'Institute (now housing Pedagogical Institute), the building of the Diocesan Women's College, building a girls' school, the building of the vocational school.

After the October Revolution began a new stage in the city's architecture - the period of socialist reconstruction. During the years of Soviet power from the provincial city of Mogilev has become one of the major administrative and industrial centers of the republic. Even in post-revolutionary period, raised a number of important tasks: the elimination of unsanitary housing, improvement of the urban fringe alignment and landscaping of streets and squares, bridges across rivers and ravines, the creation of new ensembles, etc. During the first five years in the city, except for the rehabilitation of existing industrial businesses, build new factories. In 1928-29 drafted for the construction of water mains throughout the city. For the first five years built pipe-casting plant. Myasnikov, confectionery "10 th October, a tannery, a factory of artificial fibers. During the second five-year plan to build a factory repair service, kostepererabatyvayuschy etc. The development of industry necessitated the construction of residential buildings. Apartment buildings were located on the main streets, as well as free areas. One of the first multi-storey residential section type - building on the street Pervomaiskaya, 22 (1930). Similar in design and planning scheme of houses built along the street Budennogo and others. Construction of apartment houses offers the prospect of a new type of integrated development of the city. An example is the work of village. Kirov factory workshop (in the south-eastern city of Mogilev, Orsha railway), whose construction was carried out in 1933-1935. The settlement included a set of commercial buildings, schools, nurseries, club.

The first comprehensive plan of the socialist reconstruction of the city, developed in 1936-1939 by the institute "Velgosproekt (architects M. Androsov, N. Trachtenberg), required the preservation of primarily historical planning structure, the construction of highways connecting the eastern and western parts of the city (now Mira). The structure of the city defines two mutually perpendicular diameters - street Pervomayskaya and Mira, which was formed at the intersection of new administrative and social center - Lenin Square. In 1938-1940 there were built the House of Soviets, an office building (from 1961 the main building of the Machine Building Institute), two five-story apartment buildings with six stories angular volumes (1938, architects A. Bregman, A. Voinov, 1940, architects O. Batoeva, V. Ants ). Among the buildings pre-war period stand out as the hotel "Dnipro", cinemas "Motherland", "Chyrvonaya Zorka.

During the Great Patriotic War of 6653 in Mogilev buildings destroyed by 3220. In the first postwar decade, the city developed on the general plan of rehabilitation and reconstruction 1947-1950, developed by the institute "Belgosproekt" (architects Androsov, G. Parsadanov). In planning the structure of the city were allocated separate industrial areas: the south-west on the right bank, eastern and north-east on the left bank of the Dnieper. Workers' settlements built up two four-storey apartment buildings. Reconstruction of surviving and new construction of residential and office buildings at that time was concentrated along Pershamaiskaya (in 1950 completed its renovation and located the areas of Lenin and Soviet). In the 1960's building was carried out by large residential tracts - neighborhoods and residential areas. In the western part of the first neighborhoods formed Mogilev-2 (since 1962), World 1-2 (since 1964). It used new, progressive while the principles of planning and development of vacant land and the reconstruction of the previously built-up areas.

Master Plan, developed in 1969, the institute "Belgosproekt" (architects Y. Glinka, M. Tragubovich, I. Semenenko), required the development of the city mainly in eastern and southern directions. Began a comprehensive multi-level buildings of the former suburbs - South (formerly Lupolovskoe suburb) and eastern (former Mashekovka). In the southern part of the city formed Zadneprovsky residential area with its principal axes - Prospect Pushkin, Nikolai Ostrovsky street. To lay new line - Prospect Schmidt, Gagarin street, etc. In the central part of the city in 1960-1980-s erected several large buildings of different functionality: House of political education, the building of Mogilev Regional Committee of the PBC and the city committee of the PBC, the Palace of Pioneers and Schoolchildren; Palace culture and technology Khimvolokno; House of Sport (architects G. Benedictine, VA Astapovich) Laboratory Building Institute of Technology, Main Building Construction College, Education Building Pedagogical School (architects N. Kuznetsov, V. Kuznetsov), the building between school manufacturing plant on Prospect Mira (architect A. Melnikov); sports rowing base and building of regional statistical office (architect I. Golubeva), the building of scientific and production association for the development and manufacture of advanced technological equipment, mechanization and automation (architect V. Kilchytska) ; complexes Regional Hospital and the Regional Children's hospitals, a new department store building (architect V. Pushkin); hotel "Mogilev", "Tourist"; cinema Kastrychnik "; shooting archery" Robin Hood "(architects Y. Ivzhenko, E. Bryantsev) and others also constructed houses: 80-flat at the intersection of Pervomaiskaya and Mironov (architect Golubeva), 111-apartment on the street Pervomaiskaya (architects A. Kucherenko, AK Alekseev), nine-and dvenadtsatietazhnogo home with consumer services in the street May Day (architect I. Frolov, G. pile, Bryantsev, Ivzhenko), etc.

According to the adjusted master plan in 1969 Belniipgradostroitelstvo Institute (1981) for a period up to 2015 (architects, Glinka, A. Gorb, Myznik) area of the city within the city limits of perspective is divided into 5 planning areas: central, north, east, south and west, which include all the main functional elements of the urban structure (housing, recreation, maintenance). The main task in implementing the general plan: the development of urban construction in the north-easterly direction, including of the city center along the Avenue of Peace, the creation of a single water-green system. In 1988 the Institute Belniipgradostroitelstvo drafted a detailed plan center, providing for the reconstruction of buildings. An important role in the architectural and artistic image of the city are works of monumental art: the memorial complex "fighters for Soviet power, the memorial complex on the site Lupolovo extermination camp, the memorial arch, bust II Gusakovsky and others are monuments to VI Lenin statues SM Kirov, AF Myasnikov, M. Gorky, AS Pushkin, obelisk Hero of the Soviet Union IS Lazarenko. His favorite destinations are urban forest parks Crypt with artificial lake and Lyubuzhsky, Park of Culture and Rest named after M. Gorky, children's park.

Project work in the field of architecture and town planning institute conducts "Mogilevgrazhdanproekt. The quality of design and construction of Mogilev promotes regional organization of the Union of Architects of Belarus.

Since 1993 Belniipgradostroitelstvo with the participation of the Institute "Mogilevgrazhdanproekt" is developing a new master plan.

Science

Conditions for conducting research in Mogilev emerged with the foundation in 1918 Teacher Institute on the basis existed since 1913 Teachers' Institute. Teachers and staff of the Institute for many years engaged in the development of a number of topical scientific issues, coordinating their research with the Institute of the Academy of Sciences of Belarus. The scientific work of recent years associated with the solution of fundamental theoretical and practical problems in the field of psycho-pedagogical, social science, physics and mathematics, and philology. In 1961 was opened in Mogilev Machine Building Institute, which became the educational and scientific center of the republic in the field of mechanical engineering technology, welding, automotive. Many years, the Institute cooperates with the BSSR. Development of the core scientific subjects is carried out within the national target scientific and technical programs. A powerful impetus to the development of science in the city has received since the establishment in 1970 of the Mogilev Branch of the Physico-Technical Institute, Belorussian Academy of Sciences and the Mogilev Branch of the Institute of Physics, Belorussian Academy of Sciences. The department of the Institute of Physics, Belorussian Academy of Sciences conducted basic research in the field of integrated optics, office is also involved in the implementation of comprehensive programs in the natural sciences. Department of Physical-Technical Institute of the BSSR specializes mainly in fundamental and applied problems of casting of ferrous and non ferrous metals, certain types of protective and strengthening coatings, develops and implements a national economy of the original process for critical parts for machinery and tools for rotary and processing steps details. Since the scientists of academic institutions cooperate productively engineering and technical personnel of industrial enterprises of the city. In 1973 opened Institute of Technology, which trains engineers for the processing industries of agroindustrial complex, as well as for manufacturers of synthetic fibers and other macromolecular compounds. The institute operated educational, scientific and production associations. Main fields of research are focused on the development of non-waste technologies in the food and chemical industries, creating new kinds of food products, machinery and equipment for their production. Large Software (Khimvolokno), "Stromavtoliniya" etc.) and enterprises in the city are in the structure of scientific and technical divisions, which, working together with other scientific institutions in the city, raise high-end technologies and products to its industry. In 1974, started working and Design Technological Institute of the special tooling, automation and mechanization, on the basis of which in 1986 established the scientific and production association for the development and manufacture of advanced technological equipment, mechanization and automation.

Education

The first school in Mogilev existed in churches and monasteries. Children of the possessing classes were taught to read and write on church books. In XIV-XV centuries. Schools were established in large estates, expanded children's education itinerant teachers, self-taught. The course is limited to basic literacy. In 1590-92 in the city with Spassky Monastery founded sister school, which played an important role in the development of education and the fight against the forcible imposition of Catholicism among the population. At school, studied Slavic, Greek, Latin, Polish, Belarusian language, dialectics, rhetoric, music, school gave some knowledge of arithmetic, geometry, astronomy and geography. In 1740-ies in Mogilev open public-relations school (educational institution of the Catholic monastic orders PR), in which children raised in a spirit of piety and devotion to Catholicism. Education was considered free, but children from the poorest segments of the work performed by maintenance of the monastery, schools, homes for children of the gentry. In history, religion and theology have also studied the Polish and Latin languages, mathematics, physics, etc. After the reunification of Belarus with Russia (1772) appeared in the city, Russian schools, colleges, high schools. In 1789, open the main public schools, on which in 1809 established school (male, 7-cool). In 1838, when it opened for boarding students nobility. In 1809-1830 it finished with 73. Graduates receive a general education and preparation for university and other tertiary institutions. At the beginning of 1853 in high school taught 282 student. Since 1871 men's gymnasium was the 8-classroom. Following a restructuring of school buildings (1878-1879) it had a class for drawing, a hall for gymnastics, individual study, meteorological station, two libraries (basic and pupils). When school opened a preparatory class. Every year enrolled about 500 students, employs about 30 teachers. We studied mainly the children of nobles, officials, clergy, merchants, were natives of artisans, craftsmen and wealthy peasants. Among the graduates - GP Isaev, SP Kovalik, MK Sudzilovsky, PN Lepeshinsky, O. Schmidt.

Were created parish county and private schools and grammar schools, hostels and schools for children of wealthy parents. In 1865 the open girls' school, midwives and obstetric, medical assistant in 1875, in 1899 women's Sunday school, in 1885 - a real school.

At the beginning of XX century. opened a vocational school for boys, a commercial college, courses for accountants, private music school. In 1912 in the city were 5 high schools, college - a real, commercial, female, 5 preparations, 2 city, 2 Jewish, as well as male and female spiritual diocesan college seminary, gymnasia, schools - Women's 2-cool, 5 parochial 2 secondary. In 1913 opened teachers' institute. In the first years of Soviet power to the people's education set goals: to equip young people truly scientific knowledge, to educate the younger generation of materialistic attitudes and beliefs, to cultivate the spirit of communist morality, etc. In 1918 a department of education, which has launched a broad program public education. For the introduction of universal education was conducted census of school age children, a single Soviet school with 2 stages: 1 st - for children from 8 to 13 years (5-year course) and 2-I - for children from 13 to 17 years (4 years of schooling). Education was free. In 1920 the city had 49 schools 1-tier and 22 - 2 nd, 43 preschools. In 1918, based on teachers' institute was founded Pedagogical Institute (since 1937 when it existed Teacher Training Institute) in 1919 - Polytechnic them. Communards in 1928 - the cultural and educational school in 1933 - Teacher Training College in 1937 - School of Music. In 1932-1936 worked Mogilev politico-educational institution. In the prewar years, the city was the school with an enrollment of 15 thousand children, 2 institutes, 6 secondary specialized educational institutions. During the Great Patriotic War, public education of the city suffered extensive damage - destroyed many schools, cultural and educational institutions. But by the end of 1945 in Mogilev rebuilt 12 schools, the desks sat 7,2 thousand children. In the early postwar years worked teaching and teachers' institutes, 3 building schools, 2 vocational schools, 2 colleges of agricultural mechanization. In the postwar years, the city became one of the cultural centers of Belarus. By 1953 the transition to universal secondary education. In 1945 opened Construction College, in 1947 - Polytechnic College, in 1961 - Machine-Building Institute and the College Library in 1967 - Chemical Engineering College, in 1973 - Institute of Technology.

In 1998/99, 100 operate in the city pre-schools (more than 18 thousand children), including 18 pre-schools with intensive activity (foreign language, environmental education, music and theater arts), 2 spa garden (pulmonary Profile and tubvirazhnyh children). There were 48 schools of general secondary education (more than 35 thousand students), including the cadet boarding school for orphans, 4 evening schools, 3 and 4 of the Lyceum school physics and mathematics, philology, socio-economic and other profiles. There are children's Sunday school, private school "Eureka". There are 6 music and 23 children's and youth sport schools. 16 vocational-technical schools attended by more than 7 thousand students, including school police, school medical and Olympic reserve. Are 4 high school, including Mogilev State University. AA Kuleshov Mogilev State Food University, the Belarusian-Russian University, Mogilev branch of Belarusian Institute of Jurisprudence.

Monuments

Unfortunately, in Mogilev few monuments. Houses of the XIX century. - Very few, churches - five, church - only one, whereas before the Revolution, the city had according to Brockhaus encyclopedia Euphronios and the Orthodox churches of the twenty-seven stone and wooden churches - two and one respectively, a Protestant church, a synagogue - almost forty, while the number of stone houses is nearing four thousand.

Significant loss of the city suffered during the Great Patriotic War - and had an 23-day defense of the city in 1941, and the heavy release of the 1944th when the Nazis nearly every house was turned into a pillbox - home destroyed by tanks firing at point-blank range. Almost daily street battles lasted.

Many monuments were blown up after the war by the Mogilev - said militant atheism, shortsighted authorities and the general spirit of the time.

Most churches are preserved only in old photographs, plans and works of art. It produced a significant restoration work - so, restored church in the village Polykovichi near Mogilev, the general development plan of the city planned to restore City Hall to the end of 2006, restored the remaining buildings. Lenin Street, which preserves the greatest number of houses of the XIX century, has become a pedestrian street - a seating area residents, added a second, an old name - Big Soda.

Sometimes distributed radical demands restoration of all the churches of the city - for example, to destroy the hotel "Dnipro" and in its place to rebuild the Cathedral of St. Joseph. But this is hardly can be justified - firstly, the restoration of the old and the restoration of the surviving evidence is not the same thing. And novostroy, even if it is very similar to the prototype does not produce that anxious feeling that comes from awareness of involvement in the old days. Secondly, the building of the hotel "Dnepr" designed in the early 30's, if we discard some external "ukrashatelskie" elements, its structure, layout, facades bear the features of constructivism - the new style of Soviet avant-garde.

Of course, the issues and rehabilitation, and reconstruction. But now the main task is to keep and maintain proper form that escaped the sad fate.

Of the remaining Orthodox churches, the oldest - Nikolaev, located on the street T. Surt, opposite the City Hospital ambulance. The whole area along the street called Great Civil Podnikolem.

Initial information about the church belong to the beginning of the XVI century - in the inventory of Vitebsk and Mogilev in 1522 in the number of Mogilev churches listed and Nicholas. In 1619, when the Uniate Bishop Kuntsevich closed Orthodox churches in the parish Nicholas Church there were 37 people. The church is probably burned during the great fire of 1626 year, when the faded downtown. Supposedly, the church was the site of the house â„– 9 (Stores "Dogma," "Sandra"), and number 11 (shop "Talisman", a furniture store "Fantasia", for the bus stop "Ordzhonikidze Square") on the streets and houses â„– Boldin 13 and â„– 15 (bar "Modern") on Lenin Street.

In April 1636 the King of Poland Wladyslaw IV gave his consent to the metropolitan of Kiev Petro Mohyla in the building in Mogilev, in Grivlyanskoy hundred (district streets Surt-Civil), Church of St. Nicholas monastery with the building "for special spiritual, Chernetsov, priests and deacons." Shortly after receiving royal assent parishioners built a temporary church with a nunnery with her. In 1646 Wladyslaw IV had the privilege of Mogilev philistines "for sbudovanie commandant (Murowana) Nicholas Church on the ground, bought grivlyanskimi commoners, not Uniates. The letter provided a peaceful existence of the church and monastery of Uniates and castle authorities. Also, philistines allowed to be in year two of the canon and two fairs at the church "in the winter and spring Nikola".

The very same construction began in 1669 and was completed in 1672.

Female monastery existed until 1719, then instead been confined monks. In 1754 the Monastery was closed, since Nicholas' Church became a parish. Besides the main altar in the name of St. Nicholas, the church had two more redistribution: right - in the name of his beheading of John the Baptist, left - in the name of St. Demetrius of Salonika.

Near Nicholas Church in 1793 was laid Onufrievskaya church, consecrated in 1796.

Borisoglebskaya church located in the alley Bryusov over Mogilev market later. The first church was built in the XVII century as a residential house in the middle of XIX century. rebuilt as a church. The second church was built in 1869 in psvedorusskom style near the first.

The youngest of the temple of the city is now the cathedral church of the Mogilev and Mstislavskaya diocese - Trehsvyatitelsky Cathedral, located in the city center, near Lenin Square is the center of spiritual life of citizens - for religious holidays attracts thousands of believers.

Ceremonial laying of the temple in the name of the Three Hierarchs: Basil the Great, Gregory the Theologian and John Chrysostom occurred July 18, 1903 in the presence of Mogilev and Mstislavl Bishop of Arkhangelsk. The building is being constructed on the project and under the supervision of a court counselor, a provincial architect, PI Kalinina, construction proceeded on voluntary donations to the parish churches of the city, as well as subscription lists.

Construction was completed by the end of 1914. Its first priest was Fr Sorokoletov and priest Rzhevusky. The church was home to the clergy (clergy) and the elderly.

Cathedral Carmelite was built in 1738-1752 on the site burnt wooden church and convent of Carmelites. Consecration took place in 1765 - thirteen years spent on the interior and the creation of murals.

Fifteen years the church owned the Carmelite Order - he was too beautiful. May 27, 1780, Catherine II was present at the solemn service at the church, which was the Catholic Bishop Sestrantsevich. By order of the Empress church was placed under the Bishop's residence, here are based Archiepiscopal and the Metropolitan Department. Carmelite is evicted in other buildings.

In 1782, the decree of Empress Mogilev diocese elevated to the archbishopric. Until 1917 Mogilev archbishops led all the Catholics of the Russian Empire.

Preserved historical building of the Lenin street:

House â„– 1 - the building of the former City Council (now the House of civil ceremonies, civil acts), built in the second half of XIX century., Architecture combines the features of late classical and pseudo-Russian style.

House â„– 3, 5 / 1, 5 / 2 - samples of civil architecture of the XIX century eclectic directions.

House number 7 - a monument of classical architecture.

The complex of houses, a member of the ensemble of the Saviour Monastery (XVI-XVII centuries). On whose territory the second half of XVIII century. located bishop's court, in 1780th years was built complex theological seminary (not preserved), including the house number 11 with transitional features from the baroque to classicism, and the house number 11a - The Bishops' Palace. Built in 1762-1785 (architect I. K. Glaubitz) brick in the late Baroque. The former residence of the Orthodox Archbishop G. Konisskogo. On the ground floor lobby with stairs leading to the reception hall, office space, on the second - living room, study and library, third, attic, floor, was designed for household needs.

House number 13 - sample residential architecture of Classicism.

The gate between houses number 11 and 13 - a monument of architecture of small form.Dom № 15 - (now the bar "Modern"), the sample house the gallery tipa.Dom № 25 - Archbishop's Palace, an architectural monument of the second half of the XVIII century. Built in classical style, the former residence of the Catholic Archbishop of SI Bogush-Setstrantsevicha. The ground floor housed offices and utility rooms on the second - the room archbishop, in the west wing - the palace chapel, the second highest occupied two floors of the palace (now here is Youth № 6). The house number 35, a former teacher's institute, now - one of the buildings MSU. AA Kuleshov, built in 1913, combines the architecture style of late Classicism, pseudo and "modern." House number 37 - house of the merchant Anoshko, now Museum of Art, VK Byalynitsky-Birulia, built in XVII-XVIII century. as a dwelling house, has the features of the Baroque and klassitsizma.Dom number 41 - the building of the former gymnasium (now the secondary school № 3), built in 1789 as a popular school, from 1809 to 1917 men's gymnasium, which was attended by PN Lepeshinsky and O. Schmidt, House № 4 - the end of XIX v.Doma № 6, 8, 10 - samples of urban multifamily housing, house number 22 - the end of XIX - early XX v.Dom number 36 - the building of the former Credit Society (now the disco "Metro") - a model of civic architecture with features of "modern" style early XX v.Dom № 40 - sample the eclectic architecture of the early XX v.Dom № 50 - State Bank building (now the building housing the main office of the National Bank of Belarus in Mogilev region). Построено в 1904-1906 (архитектор П. Камбуров), в архитектуре сочетаются черты эклектики и стиля «модерн».Сохранилось несколько памятников архитектуры по улице Первомайской:Дом № 7 - здание областного драматического театра, построено в 1886-1888 году по проекту архитектора П. Камбурова и инженера В. Мильяновского.Дом № 8 - - перестроенное здание бывшего коллегиума иезуитов (ныне музей этнографии), с 1820 военно-офицерская школа, в этом же здании содержались под стражей члены тайных обществ декабристов.Дом № 21 - - здание гостиницы «Метрополь», в которой с августа 1915 жили офицеры высшего и среднего командного состава Царской Ставки, здесь же содержали арестованных Корнилова, Деникина.Мемориальная арка, построена в 1780, входила в ансамбль бывшей Соборной площади, находилась напротив Иосифовского собора (не сохранился). Реконструирована в 1950-ые, в 1964 на арке установлены мемориальные доски, на которых перечислены части и соединения Красной Армии, награжденные за участие в Великой Отечественной войне орденами Красного Знамени, Суворова II степени, Суворова III степени, а также получившие наименование «Могилевские».Дом № 24 - - здание женской гимназии, построено в 1875 в стиле позднего классицизма (ныне в здании расположена СШ № 1).Дом № 34 - здание дворянского собрания (ныне городской дом культуры), построено во второй половине XIX в.Дом № 73 - - здание жандармского управления (ныне областной театр кукол).Здание железнодорожного вокзала (Привокзальная, 2, построен в 1902 году), реконструировано после Великой Отечественной войны, имеет черты неоклассицизма.Также сохранилось немного памятников в историческом центре города:Здание бывшего окружного суда (Советская, 1, ныне областной краеведческий музей), построено в 1778 для нижнего суда, врачебной управы и архива, в стиле классицизма.Здание женского епархиального училища (ул. Воровского, 29), бывшего училища Красных командиров, построено в 1889-1892, (ныне лицей). Имеет черты неоклассицизма.Здание реального училища (Комсомольская, 18, ныне педагогический колледж), построено в 1885 по проекту инженера В. Миляновского.Здание поземельно-крестьянского банка (ул. Миронова, 33, ныне художественный музей им. Масленикова), памятник архитектуры началаXX в., имеет черты стилей «модерн», псевдорусского и позднего классицизма.Частично сохранился фарный костел (Болдина, 3), построен в 1604, перестроен в XIX в. в стиле классицизма.

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